What a Great Day at Tufts: Regenerating Life Together

Our Boston Premiere of Regenerating Life at Tufts University was a tremendous success! It was exciting to see about 100 people come together to experience how John Feldman wove the many threads of the importance of nature to climate stability together in film. Conversation was lively during the lunch break, as people talked with exhibitors…

A Film that Affirms the Power of Life to Heal Our Planet

To a climate conversation long dominated by computer models and technological jargon, Regenerating Life: How to Cool the Planet, Feed the World and Live Happily Ever After brings some badly needed rain, along with dung beetles, sweating trees, fungal mycelia, cloud-making forests, beavers, worms, soil microbes, cow patties and whales. As more and more people…

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Soak Up the Rain with Jan Lambert

This workshop follows Jan’s talk: Soak Up the Rain! What We Can All Do to Reduce Drought, Floods, Heat Waves and Severe Storms Jan Lambert: environmental writer and editor of The Valley Green Journal Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Connect with usFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/bio4climateTwitter: https://twitter.com/bio4climateInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/bio4climate/ Presented at Blessed Unrest conference via…

Soak Up the Rain! What We Can Do to Reduce Drought, Floods, Heat Waves & Severe Storms: Jan Lambert

Did you ever stop to think about what happens with all the water that goes down the storm drains in your town or city every time it rains? Jan Lambert, even though a lifelong nature advocate, never gave that question much thought until 2014, when as an environmental journalist she learned about the profound and…

Workshop on the Divine Feminine and Environmentalism with Rev Dele and Lama Elizabeth Monson

This workshop follows Reverend Dele and Lama Elizabeth Monson’s talk “The Necessity of the Divine Feminine in the Climate Crisis”This panel discusses: What is the Divine Feminine? Why should we care? How can the Divine Feminine significantly impact the climate movement? Reverend Dele: Climate Reality leader and spiritual directorElizabeth Monson: Spiritual Co-Director of Natural Dharma…

Building Community During Confusion and Uncertainty Workshop with Precious Phiri

This workshop follows Precious’ talk “Building Community During Confusion and Uncertainty” Precious Phiri: Field Professional in Holistic Management education with the Savory Institute, she works with rural communities through her organization EarthWisdom Consulting, and is the African Coordinator for Regeneration International Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Connect with usFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/bio4climateTwitter: https://twitter.com/bio4climateInstagram:…

Improving Food Security of Smallholder Farmers Q&A with Roland Bunch

Increasingly frequent droughts are destroying food production levels in the more drought-prone half of sub-Saharan Africa. Although most people have attributed this gathering crisis to climate change, about 80% of the cause of the droughts is that fallowing–allowing the forest to grow for fifteen years or more to replace the soil’s organic matter–is on its…

Building Community During Confusion and Uncertainty with Precious Phiri

Precious grew up in Zimbabwe and will tell us about her evolution as a trainer in Holistic Management and community facilitation. Her work currently focuses on working with rural communities and collaborating with networks in Africa to reduce poverty, rebuild soils, and restore food and water security for people, livestock and wildlife – and most…

Improving Food Security of Smallholder Farmers with Roland Bunch

Increasingly frequent droughts are destroying food production levels in the more drought-prone half of sub-Saharan Africa. Although most people have attributed this gathering crisis to climate change, about 80% of the cause of the droughts is that fallowing–allowing the forest to grow for fifteen years or more to replace the soil’s organic matter–is on its…

The Necessity of the Divine Feminine in the Climate Crisis: Reverend Dele and Lama Elizabeth Monson

Spiritual leaders discuss the connections between feminism and environmentalism. Reverend Dele: Climate Reality Leader and spiritual directorLama Elizabeth Monson: Spiritual Co-Director of Natural Dharma Fellowship and the Managing Teacher at Wonderwell Mountain Refuge Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Connect with usFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/bio4climateTwitter: https://twitter.com/bio4climateInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/bio4climate/ Presented at Blessed Unrest conference via online,…

Judith Schwartz & Nicola Williams: The Curious Person’s Guide to Earth Repair

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Regenerating Soil and Water Landscapes Judy Schwartz, author of Cows Save the Planet, Water in Plain Sight, and a new book due out in July 2020, discusses what people around the world are doing to address our many…

Evapotranspiration – A Driving Force in Landscape Sustainability

Jan Lambert’s Quick-Take: This is must reading if you really want to understand the dynamics of climate. No, this is not another piece on fossil fuel emissions! Jan Pokorny and his colleagues are leaders in presenting to all of us the vital interactions of water vapor, plants, and solar energy in creating and maintaining a…

David Rothenberg: The Rhythms and Songs of Bugs

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ David Rothenberg, author of Bug Music, is distinguished professor of philosophy and music at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. He is a musician and writer known for his many works finding music and beauty in birds, whales,…

The Soil Carbon Sponge, Climate Solutions and Healthy Water Cycles with Walter Jehne

Biodiversity for a Livable Climate presents a talk by Walter Jehne, Australian climate scientist and soil microbiologist who is the Director of Healthy Soils Australia. Introduction by Didi Pershouse, The Center for Sustainable Medicine Presented on April 26, 2018 at Harvard University Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Connect with usFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/bio4climateTwitter:…

Walter Jehne – Soil Carbon Sponge and the New Climate Solutions

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Please watch version with introduction here: https://youtu.be/123y7jDdbfY Biodiversity for a Livable Climate presentsHealthy Water Cyclesand the Soil Carbon Sponge:New Climate SolutionsA talk by Australian climate scientist and soil microbiologist Walter JehneDirector of Healthy Soils AustraliaIntroduction by Didi PershouseHarvard…

Kannan Thiruvengadam: Building Soil and Growing Food and Community

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ The importance of community farms Kannan Thiruvengadam: Eastie Farm Presented at Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change conference at Harvard University on March 31, 2018 #farm #soil #food

Maggie Booz: Neighborhood Tree Stewardship

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Transforming public spaces Maggie Booz: Cambridge Committee on Public Planting Presented at Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change conference at Harvard University on March 31, 2018 #tree #community #greenspaces

John Reinhardt: Reviving a River

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ John Reinhardt: President Mystic River Watershed Association Presented at Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change conference at Harvard University on March 31, 2018 #river #restoration #reviving

Anamarija Frankic: Oyster Beds and Living Shorelines

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Anamarija Frankic: UMass Boston Green Harbors Project Presented at Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change conference at Harvard University on March 31, 2018 #oysters #oysterbeds #livingshorelines

Tom Wessels: Self-organization, Co-evolution, Resiliency, and Stability

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Self-organization is a natural process—that, as a system grows it also becomes more complex. This talk focuses on how this process works in ecosystems via co-evolution to generate the incredible biodiversity we see in nature. Many examples of…

Zeyneb Magavi: Energy Execs, Ecosystems, and Alliances

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Ecosystems across our highly developed region are threatened by climate change. At the same time, local ecosystems can help us to weather the coming climate shocks. Ecosystems are our allies, and there is much that we can do…

John Pitkin: Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change Introduction

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ John Pitkin: Greater Boston Group of the Sierra Club Presented at Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change conference at Harvard University on March 31, 2018 #ecosystems #boston #climatechange

Adam Sacks: The New Water Paradigm

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Our conventional view of water for decades has been to send it out to the oceans as quickly as possible. A new water paradigm developed by Michal Kravcik and colleagues explains why it’s so important to keep water…

Dan Medina, Emily Landis & Claudio Ternieden: The Small Water Cycle as a Climate Tool

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Healthy soils and water cycles are closely intertwined. Opportunities abound to restore fresh and saltwater wetlands, and to manage urban, suburban and rural water flows in ways that help cool the planet. Nature has fascinating and powerful systems…

Dan Medina, Emily Landis, Claudio Ternieden: The Small Water Cycle as a Climate Tool Panel Q&A

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Healthy soils and water cycles are closely intertwined. Opportunities abound to restore fresh and saltwater wetlands, and to manage urban, suburban and rural water flows in ways that help cool the planet. Nature has fascinating and powerful systems…

Declaring Democracy in Barnstead, NH – Community Vote on Water Sovereignty

A documentary of the town meeting vote in Barnstead, NH on a local ordinance to prevent corporate takeover of the community’s groundwater taken on March 18, 2006. Dedicated to the memory of Gail Darrell. Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ #groundwater #democratic #takeaction

Miracle in the Nevada Desert with Carol Evans & Jon Griggs

Carol Evans, Nevada Bureau of Land Management fisheries biologist whose work has been featured in the film The Beaver Whisperers, highlighting her deep involvement in monitoring the impact that planned grazing and returning beaver have had on restoring watersheds. Jon Griggs, ranch manager for Maggie Creek Ranch, a beef-cattle operation running on both public and…

Foster Brown: Telling the Water Story to the People

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Foster Brown, Amazonian ecologist, gives an introduction to the interactive methods he uses to teach forest ecology in the Peruvian communities he works with. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring Water Cycles to Reverse Global Warming”…

Glenn Gall and Allison Houghton: Permaculture, Perma-Water

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Glenn Gall takes us through the groundbreaking work done by many permaculture practitioners, and the central part which water plays in permaculture design. Discussion includes methods such as keyline, subsoiling and grazing, where water has become the focus…

The Tijuca Story: Reforestation and the Biotic Pump with Thomas Goreau

Thomas Goreau tells of the successful reforestation centuries ago of the mountains surrounding Rio de Janeiro, and will describe the workings of the “biotic pump” by which forest transpiration supports healthy precipitation across wide areas. Presented at the Restoring Water Cycles to Reverse Global Warming conference October 16th-18th, 2015 at Tufts University. Learn more about…

Walter Jehne (soil and climate scientist) and Michal Kravcik (hydrologist) Q&A

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Michal Kravcik: Slovakian hydrologistWalter Jehne: Australian soil and climate scientist Presented a Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring Water Cycles to Reverse Global Warming” conference October 16th-18th, 2015 at Tufts University. #climatechange #watercycle #waterconservation

Maude Barlow, Rajendra Singh, Precious Phiri: Activist Panel- Empowering Water Restoration

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Moderated by Adam Sacks, our three panelists speak of success in mobilizing people to work for water restoration in widely varied settings. Maude Barlow speaks on how water supply and water rights are at the heart of many…

Walter Jehne, Thomas Goreau, Jan Lambert, Michal Kravcik: Water and Climate Policy Panel

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Policy panel: Building Water Cycles into the International Climate Debate Walter Jehne, Tom Goreau and Jan Lambert with Michal Kravčík each speak on the opportunities for broadening the debate over climate as we approach COP21 in Paris. How…

Jim Laurie & His Homeschool AP Biology Students: Nature Wants to Be Wet

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Restoration ecologist Jim Laurie illuminates the vital connections between water cycles and biodiversity, describing numerous keystone species – from microbes and worms to beavers, burrowing animals and ruminants – which increase water infiltration and retention in landscapes. By…

Jan Lambert: Retain the Rain, No More Down the Drain!

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Jan Lambert introduces, by way of photos and illustrations, the richly varied ways in which rainwater is now being successfully restored into landscapes. From holistic green pastures in America to green roofs in Scotland, from using beaver dams…

Precious Phiri: Community Grazing for Community Abundance

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Precious Phiri of Zimbabwe discusses the managed grazing of ruminants from the perspective of how it opens soils for water – and raises water tables and brings back surface water for crops, domestic animals and wildlife, along with…

Emaline Conkey & Brianna Klauer: New Climate Leaders

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Emaline Conkey, Senior, Mascoma Valley Regional High School in New Hampshire, and Brianna Klauer, Sophomore, Hartford High School in Vermont, are two student leaders in the “Climate, Water, Soil and Hope” program developed by Didi Pershouse of the…

Jim Laurie: Closing the Nutrient Loop

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Jim Laurie has used natural biological processes to turn some of the most toxic and polluted effluent around – both sewage and industrial waste – into clean, clear water. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring Water…

Scott Horsley: From Gray to Green Infrastructure

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Hydrologist Scott Horsley discusses green infrastructure as the new tool of water harvesting in urban areas and other settled landscapes. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring Water Cycles to Reverse Global Warming” conference at Tufts University,…

Foster Brown: Maintaining Forest Cover and Biodiversity in Amazonia

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Foster Brown is a senior scientist for Woods Hole Research Institute, based in the State of Acre in the western Amazon. He explains the challenges of protecting Amazonia especially from fire, and of mobilizing local populations for ecological…

Maude Barlow: Civilization & Water- Scarcity, Abundance, and the Road Less Traveled

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Maude Barlow, longtime Canadian global activist for water rights, will describe the current crisis of global communities whose access to clean water is threatened by ecological damage and corporate exploitation. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring…

Steve Apfelbaum: Emulating Nature

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Steve Apfelbaum explains how restoring biodiverse landscapes can be the most effective way to manage stormwater, as demonstrated in projects such as Seneca Meadows in New York state. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring Water Cycles…

Judith Schwartz: Water and Climate- An Overview

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Journalist Judith Schwartz, author of the groundbreaking book, Cows Save the Planet, gives the perspective of a concerned citizen seeking to understand how water fits into the complex workings of climate change. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable…

Michal Kravick: The New Water Paradigm (with captions)

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ To activate closed captioning, click the “CC” icon at the bottom right of the video screen. Michal Kravčík guides us through the concepts of the New Water Paradigm in greater detail, showing how water cycles can be supported…

Michal Kravcik: The New Water Reality (with captions)

Innovative Slovakian hydrologist Michal Kravčík gives an introduction to his New Water Paradigm and the critical importance of regional or “small” rainwater cycles. The result is a set of empowering ecological concepts that enable people everywhere to secure clean and adequate water, prevent floods and drought and moderate local climate, simply by harvesting rainfall. Since…

Adam Sacks: Welcome to a Water Story Untold

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Executive Director Adam Sacks welcomes conference attendees and speaks about the importance of water. Presented at Biodiversity for a Livable Climate’s “Restoring Water Cycles to Reverse Global Warming” conference October 16th-18th, 2015 at Tufts University. #waterconservation #watersecurity #cleanwater

Jennifer Lawrence, Duke Bitsko, Lenni Armstrong, Ellen Mass: Eco-Restoration as Climate Activism

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Jennifer Lawrence, Sustainability Planner for the City of Cambridge, speaks on the City’s ongoing Vulnerability Assessment on climate change, and some possible measures the City can take to improve its climate resilience. Duke Bitsko, landscape architect with Chester…

Phil Colarusso – Blue Carbon: The Shore Less Traveled

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Featuring Phil Colarusso, Boston Office of the EPA. Wetlands and coastal waters are exceptionally effective at storing carbon as well as performing many other ecosystem functions. Phil Colarusso tells us how cities and the global climate benefit from…

David Morimoto: A Walk in the Urban Woods

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Featuring David Morimoto, Biologist, Lesley University. The extraordinary wild spaces that still remain in our cities benefit our spiritual and mental health, not to mention the quality of the air and water. David Morimoto shares slides of the…

Bruce Fulford, Mark Smith, Liz Wiley, Emily Jodka: Urban Agriculture in a Thriving Bioregion

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Some of the benefits of urban agriculture are well known: increased access to healthy fresh food, reduced “food miles,” and building robust local communities. Looking through the carbon farming lens we also see more benefits: biodiverse landscapes, building…

Jim Laurie: Local Keystone Species and Carbon Farming

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Biodiversity is the foundation of healthy, resilient ecosystems. We humans have the ability to create the conditions for biodiverse landscapes which restore water cycles, purify the air, grow nutritious foods and build soil carbon from the carbon dioxide…

Gillian Davies: An Ecosystems Approach to Wetlands and Climate

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Wetlands have the capacity to store enormous amounts of carbon because soils under water have minimal exposure to air. Gillian Davies will discuss how to integrate climate change thinking into managing wetlands, with multiple benefits for local resiliency…

Diana Donlon: Food and Farming

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ There are critical connections between everyday food choices and climate change. Cool Foods emphasizes the key steps of retiring industrial agriculture and turning to practices which pull carbon and water back into the soils, thereby bringing economic vitality…

Protecting and Restoring Water Resources on Tribal Lands in South Dakota

Grandmother and long-time activist Candace Duchenaux is dedicated to preserving the Lakota way of life and the environmental integrity of our sacred mother earth. She has been at the frontlines in many battles for justice for the Lakota Oyate and against the destructive human forces threatening humanity and nature. She will tell us of the…

Community Development in Zimbabwe via Eco-restoration ft. Precious Phiri

Precious Phiri directs engagement and training for villages in the Hwange Communal Lands region that are implementing restorative grazing programs using Holistic Land and Livestock Management. This cost-effective, nature-based and highly scalable solution helps rural communities in Africa to reduce poverty, rebuild soils, restore food and water security, and reduce drought and flood risks. Precious…

Soil Ecosystem Health: From Fungi & Nematodes to Beetles & Earthworms with Jim Laurie

Mycorrhizal fungi are critical conduits moving photosynthetic energy to underground microbial communities. In return these microbes find minerals and water for their plant benefactors. In addtion, nematodes are essential nitrogen pumps in the soil, while dung beetles and earthworms can lock up tons of soil carbon, year after year. Jim Laurie illustrates and explains. Presented…

Steven Apfelbaum: Wetlands- Sinking Carbon and Keeping It Out of the Atmosphere

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Wetlands are powerful carbon sinks because organic matter under water, with minimal exposure to oxygen, doesn’t release most of its stored carbon to the atmosphere. But wetlands have been broadly eliminated as a result of global development. Steve…

Water Follows Carbon Follows Water with Judith Schwartz & Thomas Goreau

Judith Schwartz will tell stories from around the world about the transformations resulting from different approaches to water management, and the effects on local climate. With the ongoing drought in California, people are waking up to concerns about water sources – but while there’s discussion over the effects that climate change can have on water,…

Thomas Goreau: The Down-to-Earth Solution to Global Warming- How Soil Carbon Sequestration Works

Learn more about Biodiversity for a Livable Climate: https://bio4climate.org/ Please donate to our ecosystem restoration work: https://bio4climate.org/donate/ Biogeochemist, restoration ecologist, climate scientist, and reef restoration expert Tom Goreau is passionate about soils as the primary way to address global warming at this late date, given that reducing emissions alone cannot prevent dangerous climate change unless…